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modified message - перевод на русский

Modified Dall-Kirkham; Modified Dall-Kirkham telescope

modified message

измененное сообщение измененное сообщение

protective atmosphere

общая лексика

защитная атмосфера

message passing

MECHANISM FOR INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION

Message passing programming; Message Passing; Message-based protocol; Message-passing; Message-based; Message (object-oriented programming); Asynchronous message passing; Synchronous message passing

общая лексика

передача сообщений, обмен сообщениями

один из двух способов организации взаимодействия между параллельными процессами (другой - shared memory)

Определение

message passing

One of the two techniques for communicating between parallel processes (the other being shared memory). A common use of message passing is for communication in a parallel computer. A process running on one processor may send a message to a process running on the same processor or another. The actual transmission of the message is usually handled by the run-time support of the language in which the processes are written, or by the operating system. Message passing scales better than shared memory, which is generally used in computers with relatively few processors. This is because the total communications bandwidth usually increases with the number of processors. A message passing system provides primitives for sending and receiving messages. These primitives may by either synchronous or asynchronous or both. A synchronous send will not complete (will not allow the sender to proceed) until the receiving process has received the message. This allows the sender to know whether the message was received successfully or not (like when you speak to someone on the telephone). An asynchronous send simply queues the message for transmission without waiting for it to be received (like posting a letter). A synchronous receive primitive will wait until there is a message to read whereas an asynchronous receive will return immediately, either with a message or to say that no message has arrived. Messages may be sent to a named process or to a named mailbox which may be readable by one or many processes. Transmission involves determining the location of the recipient and then choosing a route to reach that location. The message may be transmitted in one go or may be split into packets which are transmitted independently (e.g. using wormhole routing) and reassembled at the receiver. The message passing system must ensure that sufficient memory is available to buffer the message at its destination and at intermediate nodes. Messages may be typed or untyped at the programming language level. They may have a priority, allowing the receiver to read the highest priority messages first. Some message passing computers are the {MIT J-Machine (http://ai.mit.edu/projects/cva/cva_j_machine.html)}, the {Illinois Concert Project (http://www-csag.cs.uiuc.edu/projects/concert.html)} and transputer-based systems. Object-oriented programming uses message passing between objects as a metaphor for procedure call. (1994-11-11)

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Википедия

Modified Dall–Kirkham telescope

The Modified Dall-Kirkham telescope utilizes an elliptical primary and spherical secondary mirror as in the conventional Dall-Kirkham configuration, but also includes a lens group (usually two or three lens elements) ahead of the focal point to improve off-axis image quality. The primary mirror conic constant is slightly different from that for a conventional Dall-Kirkham and must be optimized along with the lenses during design. The usable field is much better than the Ritchey-Chrétien telescope without corrector, and over very wide spectral bands, typically 380 to 950 nanometres (edges of UV-A and near infrared) if the corrector is made of quartz. (With a corrector, the Ritchey-Chrétien System also has a better and bigger field.)

Such a telescope was designed by Rosin and Wynne after World War II. The performances are equal or better than the Ritchey-Chrétien telescope. The spherical secondary can be fringe tested against a spherical concave surface or tested from behind. This is markedly an advantage over the hyperbolic secondary of the Ritchey-Chrétien design.

Another advantage of either the basic Dall-Kirkham or the Modified Dall-Kirkham design is that collimation of the convex spherical secondary mirror with respect to the optical axis of the primary mirror is almost trivial, because there is no single defined axis of a sphere. Any line that runs through the center of the sphere can be an axis.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified Dall–Kirkham telescope

Как переводится modified message на Русский язык